<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
  <meta charset="utf-8" />
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0">


  <title>Kubernetes 下升级Prometheus2.0-blog.qikqiak.com|阳明的博客|Kubernetes|Docker|Python|Golang|Cloud Native</title>
  <meta property="og:title" content="Kubernetes 下升级Prometheus2.0" />
  <meta name="twitter:title" content="Kubernetes 下升级Prometheus2.0" />

  <meta name="description" content="prometheus2.0正式版已经发布了，新增了很多特性，特别是底层存储性能提升了不少：https://prometheus.io/blog/2017/11/08/announcing-prometheus-2-0/。

在将之前监控平台升级到2.0 的过程中还是有一些坑的，因为有很多参数已经更改了，还不清除怎么在kubernetes上搭建prometheus监控平台的，可以查看前面的文章Kubernetes使用Prometheus搭建监控平台

本文章中涉及到的yaml文件可以在github中查看。

">
  <meta property="og:description" content="prometheus2.0正式版已经发布了，新增了很多特性，特别是底层存储性能提升了不少：https://prometheus.io/blog/2017/11/08/announcing-prometheus-2-0/。

在将之前监控平台升级到2.0 的过程中还是有一些坑的，因为有很多参数已经更改了，还不清除怎么在kubernetes上搭建prometheus监控平台的，可以查看前面的文章Kubernetes使用Prometheus搭建监控平台

本文章中涉及到的yaml文件可以在github中查看。

">
  <meta name="twitter:description" content="prometheus2.0正式版已经发布了，新增了很多特性，特别是底层存储性能提升了不少：https://prometheus.io/blog/2017/11/08/announcing-prometheus-2-0/。

在将之前监控平台升级到2.0 的过程中还是有一些坑的，因为有很多参数已经更改了，还不清除怎么在kubernetes上搭建prometheus监控平台的， …">
  <meta name="author" content=""/>
  <link href='https://blog.qikqiak.com/img/favicon.ico' rel='icon' type='image/x-icon'/>
  <meta property="og:image" content="https://blog.qikqiak.com/img/avatar.jpeg" />
  <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://blog.qikqiak.com/img/avatar.jpeg" />
  <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />
  <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog.qikqiak.com/post/update-prometheus-2-in-kubernetes/" />
  <meta property="og:type" content="website" />
  <meta property="og:site_name" content="阳明的博客" />

  <meta name="generator" content="Hugo 0.34" />
  <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/post/update-prometheus-2-in-kubernetes/" />
  <link rel="alternate" href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/index.xml" type="application/rss+xml" title="阳明的博客">
  <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/KaTeX/0.7.1/katex.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
  <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
  <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/css/main.css?t=1235" />
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lora:400,700,400italic,700italic" />
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300italic,400italic,600italic,700italic,800italic,400,300,600,700,800" />
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/css/pygment_highlights.css" />
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/css/highlight.min.css" />
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/css/prism.css?t=123" />
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/css/search.css" />
<meta name="keywords" content="kubernetes, prometheus2, grafana, 升级">
<script>
var _hmt = _hmt || [];
(function() {
  var hm = document.createElement("script");
  hm.src = "https://hm.baidu.com/hm.js?970de9920f6089c287a7fd366138d4e9";
  var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
  s.parentNode.insertBefore(hm, s);
})();
</script>



<link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/photoswipe/4.1.1/photoswipe.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/photoswipe/4.1.1/default-skin/default-skin.min.css" rel="stylesheet">



<div class="pswp" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true">

<div class="pswp__bg"></div>

<div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">
    
    <div class="pswp__container">
      <div class="pswp__item"></div>
      <div class="pswp__item"></div>
      <div class="pswp__item"></div>
    </div>
    
    <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden">
    <div class="pswp__top-bar">
      
      <div class="pswp__counter"></div>
      <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button>
      <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" title="Share"></button>
      <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button>
      <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button>
      
      
      <div class="pswp__preloader">
        <div class="pswp__preloader__icn">
          <div class="pswp__preloader__cut">
            <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap">
      <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div>
    </div>
    <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)">
    </button>
    <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)">
    </button>
    <div class="pswp__caption">
      <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div>
    </div>
    </div>
    </div>
</div>

<script>
window.ga=window.ga||function(){(ga.q=ga.q||[]).push(arguments)};ga.l=+new Date;
ga('create', 'UA-69668147-3', 'auto');
ga('send', 'pageview');
</script>
<script async src='//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js'></script>

</head>

  <body>
    <nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top navbar-custom">
  <div class="container-fluid">
    <div class="navbar-header">
      <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#main-navbar">
        <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
        <span class="icon-bar"></span>
        <span class="icon-bar"></span>
        <span class="icon-bar"></span>
      </button>
      <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/">阳明的博客</a>
    </div>

    <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="main-navbar">
      <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
        
          
            <li>
              <a title="Home" href="https://ydzs.io">Home</a>
            </li>
          
        
          
            <li class="navlinks-container">
              <a class="navlinks-parent" href="javascript:void(0)">Categories</a>
              <div class="navlinks-children">
                
                  <a href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/page/archive/">Archive</a>
                
                  <a href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/tags">tags</a>
                
                  <a href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/tags/kubernetes">kubernetes</a>
                
                  <a href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/tags/python">python</a>
                
                  <a href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/tags/django">django</a>
                
                  <a href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/tags/ops">devops</a>
                
              </div>
            </li>
          
        
          
            <li class="navlinks-container">
              <a class="navlinks-parent" href="javascript:void(0)">海马学院</a>
              <div class="navlinks-children">
                
                  <a href="https://www.haimaxy.com/course/6y02wp/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_campaign=referral&amp;utm_medium=topmenu">Python微服务实战</a>
                
                  <a href="https://www.haimaxy.com/course/pww13p/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_campaign=referral&amp;utm_medium=topmenu">Webpack3.x 入门</a>
                
                  <a href="https://www.haimaxy.com/course/pjrqxm/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_campaign=referral&amp;utm_medium=topmenu">Kubernetes 集群搭建</a>
                
              </div>
            </li>
          
        
          
            <li>
              <a title="About" href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/page/about/">About</a>
            </li>
          
        

        

        

        
          <li>
            <a href="#modalSearch" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modalSearch" style="outline: none;">
              <span class="hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg">Search</span> <span id="searchGlyph" class="glyphicon glyphicon-search"></span>
            </a>
          </li>
          

      </ul>
    </div>

    <div class="avatar-container">
      <div class="avatar-img-border">
        
          <a title="阳明的博客" href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/">
            <img class="avatar-img" src="https://blog.qikqiak.com/img/avatar.jpeg" alt="阳明的博客" />
          </a>
        
      </div>
    </div>

  </div>
</nav>





  <div id="modalSearch" class="modal fade" role="dialog">
    <div class="modal-dialog">
      <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="modal-header">
          <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal">&times;</button>
          <h4 class="modal-title">Search blog.qikqiak.com</h4>
        </div>
        <div class="modal-body">
            
<div class="aa-input-container" id="aa-input-container">
    <input type="search" id="aa-search-input" class="aa-input-search" placeholder="Search for titles or URIs..." name="search" autocomplete="off" />
    <svg class="aa-input-icon" viewBox="654 -372 1664 1664">
        <path d="M1806,332c0-123.3-43.8-228.8-131.5-316.5C1586.8-72.2,1481.3-116,1358-116s-228.8,43.8-316.5,131.5  C953.8,103.2,910,208.7,910,332s43.8,228.8,131.5,316.5C1129.2,736.2,1234.7,780,1358,780s228.8-43.8,316.5-131.5  C1762.2,560.8,1806,455.3,1806,332z M2318,1164c0,34.7-12.7,64.7-38,90s-55.3,38-90,38c-36,0-66-12.7-90-38l-343-342  c-119.3,82.7-252.3,124-399,124c-95.3,0-186.5-18.5-273.5-55.5s-162-87-225-150s-113-138-150-225S654,427.3,654,332  s18.5-186.5,55.5-273.5s87-162,150-225s138-113,225-150S1262.7-372,1358-372s186.5,18.5,273.5,55.5s162,87,225,150s113,138,150,225  S2062,236.7,2062,332c0,146.7-41.3,279.7-124,399l343,343C2305.7,1098.7,2318,1128.7,2318,1164z" />
    </svg>
</div>
<script src="https://res.cloudinary.com/jimmysong/raw/upload/rootsongjc-hugo/algoliasearch.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://res.cloudinary.com/jimmysong/raw/upload/rootsongjc-hugo/autocomplete.min.js"></script>

<script>
var client = algoliasearch("1JDRAS0AZR", "8804ac109158bb3bb60d74ce98fa332f");
var index = client.initIndex('prod_blog');

autocomplete('#aa-search-input',
{ hint: false}, {
    source: autocomplete.sources.hits(index, {hitsPerPage: 5}),
    
    displayKey: 'name',
    
    templates: {
        
        suggestion: function(suggestion) {
            return '<span>' + '<a href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/post/' + suggestion.slug + '">' +
            suggestion._highlightResult.title.value + '</a></span>';
        }
    }
});
</script>
        </div>
        <div class="modal-footer">
          <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">close</button>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

    
  
  
  




  
    <div id="header-big-imgs" data-num-img=1 data-img-src-1="https://blog.qikqiak.com/img/posts/22277538_1987368801539992_4665344475080425472_n.jpg" data-img-desc-1="It is always a new adventure, and I am always impressed with how beautiful nature is"></div>
  

  <header class="header-section has-img">
    
      <div class="intro-header big-img">
        
        <div class="container">
          <div class="row">
            <div class="col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-2 col-md-10 col-md-offset-1">
              <div class="post-heading">
                <h1>Kubernetes 下升级Prometheus2.0</h1>
                  
                  
                    <span class="post-meta">
  Posted on November 22, 2017
  
</span>


                  
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <span class="img-desc" style="display: inline;"></span>
      </div>
    
    <div class="intro-header no-img">
      
      <div class="container">
        <div class="row">
          <div class="col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-2 col-md-10 col-md-offset-1">
            <div class="post-heading">
              <h1>Kubernetes 下升级Prometheus2.0</h1>
                
                
                  <span class="post-meta">
  Posted on November 22, 2017
  
</span>


                
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </header>


    
<div class="container" role="main">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-2 col-md-10 col-md-offset-1">

      <div>
          
          
          <h5 id="tags" style="margin-top: 0px;">标签:
            
                <a href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/tags/kubernetes/">kubernetes</a> &nbsp;
            
                <a href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/tags/prometheus/">prometheus</a> &nbsp;
            
                <a href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/tags/grafana/">grafana</a> &nbsp;
            
          </h5>
          
      </div>

      <article role="main" class="blog-post">
        <p><code>prometheus</code>2.0正式版已经发布了，新增了很多特性，特别是底层存储性能提升了不少：<a href="https://prometheus.io/blog/2017/11/08/announcing-prometheus-2-0/">https://prometheus.io/blog/2017/11/08/announcing-prometheus-2-0/</a>。</p>

<p>在将之前监控平台升级到2.0 的过程中还是有一些坑的，因为有很多参数已经更改了，还不清除怎么在<code>kubernetes</code>上搭建<code>prometheus</code>监控平台的，可以查看前面的文章<a href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/post/kubernetes-monitor-prometheus-grafana/">Kubernetes使用Prometheus搭建监控平台</a></p>

<p>本文章中涉及到的<code>yaml</code>文件可以在<a href="https://github.com/cnych/k8s-repo/tree/master/prometheus">github</a>中查看。</p>

<p></p>

<h2 id="升级">升级</h2>

<p>因为现在我们的平台是1.8.2版本的，启用了RABC特性，所以首先就需要为<code>Prometheus</code>新增一个<code>ServiceAccount</code>：</p>

<pre><code class="language-yaml">apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-ops
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-ops
rules:
- apiGroups: [&quot;&quot;]
  resources:
  - nodes
  - nodes/proxy
  - services
  - endpoints
  - pods
  verbs: [&quot;get&quot;, &quot;list&quot;, &quot;watch&quot;]
- nonResourceURLs: [&quot;/metrics&quot;]
  verbs: [&quot;get&quot;]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-ops
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: prometheus
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-ops
</code></pre>

<p>其次是需要更改<code>Prometheus</code>的镜像版本为:<strong>2.0.0</strong>，最重要的是执行参数需要将之前的<code>-</code>更改为<code>--</code>，如果你要指定数据存储的路径的话，那么需要将之前的<code>storage.local.path</code>更为<code>storage.tsdb.path</code>，如下：</p>

<pre><code class="language-yaml">apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: prometheus
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-ops
spec:
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: prometheus
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: prometheus
      containers:
      - image: prom/prometheus:v2.0.0
        name: prometheus
        command:
        - &quot;/bin/prometheus&quot;
        args:
        - &quot;--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml&quot;
        - &quot;--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus&quot;
        - &quot;--storage.tsdb.retention=15d&quot;
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9090
          protocol: TCP
          name: http
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: &quot;/prometheus&quot;
          name: data
          subPath: prometheus/data
        - mountPath: &quot;/etc/prometheus&quot;
          name: config-volume
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
          limits:
            cpu: 200m
            memory: 1Gi
      volumes:
      - name: data
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: opspvc
      - configMap:
          name: prometheus-config
        name: config-volume
</code></pre>

<p>注意<strong>args</strong>参数的改变。</p>

<p>然后就是配置文件的改变了，以前<code>kubernetes_sd_configs</code>下面没有<code>api_servers</code>属性了等等，具体查看下面配置文件：</p>

<pre><code class="language-yaml">apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: prometheus-config
  namespace: kube-ops
data:
  prometheus.yml: |
    global:
      scrape_interval: 30s
      scrape_timeout: 30s
    scrape_configs:
    - job_name: 'prometheus'
      static_configs:
        - targets: ['localhost:9090']

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-apiservers'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
        action: keep
        regex: default;kubernetes;https

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-nodes'
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-cadvisor'
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-node-exporter'
      scheme: http
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_role]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_role
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        regex: '(.*):10250'
        replacement: '${1}:31672'
        target_label: __address__
</code></pre>

<p>更新完成后，可以去<code>prometheus</code>服务上查看<code>targets</code>的状态：
<img src="https://blog.qikqiak.com/img/posts/WX20171122-170347.png" alt="prometheus targets" /></p>

<p>然后就可以前往<code>grafana</code>查看采集的信息了：
<img src="https://blog.qikqiak.com/img/posts/WX20171122-165339.png" alt="kubernetes monitor" /></p>

<h2 id="参考资料">参考资料</h2>

<ul>
<li><a href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/post/kubernetes-monitor-prometheus-grafana/">Kubernetes使用Prometheus 搭建监控平台</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/cnych/k8s-repo">https://github.com/cnych/k8s-repo</a></li>
</ul>

<p>欢迎大家加入我们的知识星球：<code>Kubernetes</code>。
<img src="https://blog.qikqiak.com/img/xq.png" alt="知识星球" /></p>

<p>扫描下面的二维码(或微信搜索<code>k8s技术圈</code>)关注我们的微信公众帐号，在微信公众帐号中回复 <strong>加群</strong> 即可加入到我们的 kubernetes 讨论群里面共同学习。
<img src="https://blog.qikqiak.com/img/posts/qrcode_for_gh_d6dd87b6ceb4_430.jpg" alt="qrcode" /></p>
      </article>

      
        

<h3>相关文章</h3>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 25px;">
    
    <li><a href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/post/kubernetes-monitor-prometheus-grafana/">Kubernetes使用Prometheus搭建监控平台</a></li>
    
    <li><a href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/post/update-kubernetes-dashboard-more-secure/">kubernetes dashboard 升级之路</a></li>
    
    <li><a href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/post/kubernetes-rollout-update/">Kubernetes Deployment滚动升级</a></li>
    
    <li><a href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/post/kubernetes-logs-collect/">kubernetes 日志收集方案</a></li>
    
    <li><a href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/post/socketio-multiple-nodes-in-kubernetes/">kubernetes 下实现socket.io 的集群模式</a></li>
    
    <li><a href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/post/install-docker-registry-harbor-in-kubernetes/">在kubernetes 集群上搭建docker 私有仓库Harbor</a></li>
    
    <li><a href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/post/manual-install-high-available-kubernetes-cluster/">手动搭建高可用的kubernetes 集群</a></li>
    
    <li><a href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/post/first-use-helm-on-kubernetes/">Kubernetes Helm 初体验</a></li>
    
    <li><a href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/post/understand-kubernetes-configmap-and-secrets/">kubernetes ConfigMap 和 Secrets</a></li>
    
    <li><a href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/post/add-authorization-for-kubernetes-dashboard/">为kubernetes dashboard访问用户添加权限控制</a></li>
    
</ul>

      

      
      <ul class="pager blog-pager">
        
          <li class="previous">
            <a href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/post/kubernetes-logs-collect/" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" title="kubernetes 日志收集方案">&larr; Previous Post</a>
          </li>
        
        
          <li class="next">
            <a href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/post/a-better-git-log/" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" title="更优雅的git log">Next Post &rarr;</a>
          </li>
        
      </ul>
      

      

      
      <div id="git-comments"></div>
      <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://imsun.github.io/gitment/style/default.css">
      <script src="https://imsun.github.io/gitment/dist/gitment.browser.js"></script>
      <script>
      var gitment = new Gitment({
        id: 'update-prometheus-2-in-kubernetes',
        owner: 'cnych',
        repo: 'blog',
        oauth: {
          client_id: 'bdb76dbb2e9d0786e350',
          client_secret: 'b454b2a08013fd0e32013be7a63fa8fcb262b6c4',
        }
      })
      gitment.render('git-comments')
      </script>
      

    </div>
  </div>
</div>

    <footer>
  <div class="container">
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-2 col-md-10 col-md-offset-1">
        <ul class="list-inline text-center footer-links">
          
              <li>
                <a href="mailto:icnych@gmail.com" title="Email me">
                  <span class="fa-stack fa-lg">
                    <i class="fa fa-circle fa-stack-2x"></i>
                    <i class="fa fa-envelope fa-stack-1x fa-inverse"></i>
                  </span>
                </a>
              </li>
          
              <li>
                <a href="https://github.com/cnych" title="GitHub">
                  <span class="fa-stack fa-lg">
                    <i class="fa fa-circle fa-stack-2x"></i>
                    <i class="fa fa-github fa-stack-1x fa-inverse"></i>
                  </span>
                </a>
              </li>
          
              <li>
                <a href="https://weibo.com/cnych" title="微博">
                  <span class="fa-stack fa-lg">
                    <i class="fa fa-circle fa-stack-2x"></i>
                    <i class="fa fa-weibo fa-stack-1x fa-inverse"></i>
                  </span>
                </a>
              </li>
          
              <li>
                <a href="https://instagram.com/cnych" title="Instagram">
                  <span class="fa-stack fa-lg">
                    <i class="fa fa-circle fa-stack-2x"></i>
                    <i class="fa fa-instagram fa-stack-1x fa-inverse"></i>
                  </span>
                </a>
              </li>
          
          
          <li>
            <a href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/index.xml" title="RSS">
              <span class="fa-stack fa-lg">
                <i class="fa fa-circle fa-stack-2x"></i>
                <i class="fa fa-rss fa-stack-1x fa-inverse"></i>
              </span>
            </a>
          </li>
          
        </ul>
        <p class="credits copyright text-muted">
          

          &nbsp;&bull;&nbsp;
          2018

          
            &nbsp;&bull;&nbsp;
            <a href="https://blog.qikqiak.com/">阳明的博客</a>
          
        </p>
        
        <p class="credits theme-by text-muted">
          <a href="http://gohugo.io">Hugo v0.34</a> powered &nbsp;&bull;&nbsp; Theme by <a href="http://deanattali.com/beautiful-jekyll/">Beautiful Jekyll</a> adapted to <a href="https://github.com/halogenica/beautifulhugo">Beautiful Hugo</a>
          
        </p>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</footer>

<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/KaTeX/0.7.1/katex.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/KaTeX/0.7.1/contrib/auto-render.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://blog.qikqiak.com/js/main.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://blog.qikqiak.com/js/highlight.min.js"></script>
<script> hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad(); </script>
<script> renderMathInElement(document.body); </script>
<script src="https://blog.qikqiak.com/js/prism.js?t=123"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/photoswipe/4.1.1/photoswipe.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/photoswipe/4.1.1/photoswipe-ui-default.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://blog.qikqiak.com/js/load-photoswipe.min.js"></script>



<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-69668147-3"></script>
<script>
  window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
  function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
  gtag('js', new Date());
  gtag('config', 'UA-69668147-3');
</script>

  </body>
</html>

